tragedy/adversity/calamity/catastrophe/disaster/misfortune.导航词义：悲剧，灾难

1. tragedy:n. 悲剧性事件，惨剧.指因有人死亡而令人震惊的不幸事件。

Mother's sudden death was a tragedy to the family.

母亲的突然去世对全家是一个极大的不幸。

The tragedy he mentioned took place in March.

他提到的那一悲惨事件发生在3月。

The tragedy occurred during the earthquake when four people of the same family were killed.

地震中悲剧发生了，一家人中有四个丧命。

2. adversity:n. 逆境，不幸.指困难重重或不走运的境况。

The others were greatly inspired by his courage in the face of adversity.

他面对逆境的勇气极大地鼓舞了其他人。

He is always ready to deal with adversity.

他时刻准备着去应对逆境。

3. calamity:n. 灾难，祸患.指意外发生的、造成重大损失的灾祸，语气强于 disaster，侧重于悲痛的心情；有时也指个人的不幸， 多为幽默用语。

It will be a calamity for farmers if it keeps raining.

如果雨一直下个不停，将会给农民带来灾难。

The flood brought calamities to the local people.

洪水给当地民众带来了巨大灾难。

The marriage proved to be the greatest calamity of her life.

事实证明这桩婚姻是她一生中最大的不幸。

It will be a calamity if I fail my English exam.

这次英语考试我要是通不过就惨了。

4. catastrophe:n. 重大灾难；大祸.语气最强，指造成破坏、死亡的可怕灾难，强调最终的结局；也可指极为麻烦的局面或悲惨的结局。

Food is required immediately to avert a humanitarian catastrophe.

急需食物以避免一场人道主义灾难。

The forest fire was a catastrophe.

那场森林火灾是个大灾难。

The natural catastrophe dealt a heavy blow to this country's economy.

这场自然灾害给该国经济带来了严重的打击。

If the project is cancelled, it will be a catastrophe for all of the companies concerned.

如果该项目取消，对所有相关公司将是个灾难。

5. disaster:n. 灾难，灾祸.普通用词，通常指各类人为或自然的灾祸，如核泄漏、洪水、暴风雪等。

The plane flew through the clouds in time and a disaster was narrowly averted.

飞机及时地飞过了云层，侥幸避免了一场灾难。

The oil spill was a disaster for sea animals.

那次石油泄漏对海洋动物是一场灾难。

The conference turned out to be a complete disaster.

大会最终搞得一团糟。

They overcame the natural disaster and even had a bumper harvest.

他们战胜了自然灾害，甚至还获得了大丰收。

6. misfortune:n. 不幸，灾祸.多指较为严重的不幸，强调多由厄运或外界因素所致。

The climbers had the misfortune of running into a snowslide, but no one got hurt.

登山队员不幸遇到雪崩，但没有人受伤。

She is distressed by misfortune.

厄运使她忧伤。

We had the misfortune to run into a violent storm.

我们不幸遭遇了猛烈的暴风雨。

Misfortune befell me when I was still young.

我年纪还很小的时候就遭到了不幸。

全部

1·From all points of view, war would be a catastrophe.

从各个方面来看，战争都会是一场灾难。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

2·Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe.

提前发出的洪水水位上涨警报防止了又一次的重大灾害。《牛津词典》

3·The expulsion of thousands of people represents a humanitarian catastrophe of enormous proportions.

驱逐成千上万人意味着人道主义的巨大灾难。《牛津词典》

4·Believe it or not, this wasn't the worst catastrophe in our planet's history.

信不信由你，这还不是地球历史上最严重的灾难。

5·Every one feels that a disaster is imminent, as if a catastrophe is about to come.

谁都感到大事不好，似乎有什么极大的灾难即将来临。《新英汉大辞典》

6·Some geoscientists think that this catastrophe involved a meteor striking the earth.

一些地球科学家认为这次灾难与一颗流星撞击地球有关。

7·What is a catastrophe for one group of living things, however, may create opportunities for another group.

然而，对于一种生物种群而言是大灾难的事件，却有可能给另一种生物种群创造机会。

8·If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological catastrophe.

如果（陨石撞击地球的）力度足够大，相撞会扰乱整个地球的环境，并引发一场生态灾难。

9·Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian catastrophe was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice.

即使是光能的雪崩也可能是危险的，但秘鲁的灾难尤其可怕，因为它是由厚厚的冰层造成的。

10·Its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.

书中的女主人公是一位在灾难中幸存下来的年轻孕妇，后来她说：“没有人想听这件事，在西德没有人想听，在东德也没有。”

大灾难

1·He is teetering on the edge of catastrophe.

他在大灾难的边缘徘徊。

2·Finally, we hope against hope that we have the courage to ensure that this type of catastrophe can be prevented or mitigated.

最后，我们还是抱有一线希望，希望我们有勇气保证能够预防或者减轻这样的大灾难。

3·A terrible catastrophe will happen in the Moscow Metro on December 21, 2012... states the plot of a new Russian movie called the Metro.

一场可怕的大灾难将发生在2012年12月21日的莫斯科……这是一部叫做《地铁》的俄罗斯新电影中的情节。

4·Mrs Merkel is aware of the talk of catastrophe, but evidently not listening-even after market nerves led this week to a failed German bund auction (see article).

默克尔夫人知道正在热烈讨论的大灾难，但很明显不予理会——即使这周市场波动导致了德国长期债权的拍卖。

5·This new catastrophe seems likely to have a similarly huge impact on the nation's psyche.

这次最新的大灾难似乎可能会对国民的精神造成类似的巨大影响。

巨灾

1·Today the frontiers of finance involve anything from weather to mortality risk, from emissions to catastrophe insurance.

而当今金融前沿涉及从气候到死亡风险，从废气排放到巨灾保险的各层面。

2·Compulsory catastrophe insurance -issuing convertible debt that turns into equity if a bank's core capital falls too far-is an idea Mr King views with some favour.

强制征收“巨灾保险”——发行银行核心资本过度缩水时可转成股本的可换债务——的想法得到了金先生的部分赞同。

3·Hedge funds, in particular, favour three sorts of instruments linked to the changeable climate: weather derivatives, catastrophe bonds and sidecars.

尤其是对冲基金，特别偏好三种与变化的气候相联系的金融工具：气候衍生品，巨灾债券，以及sidecars。

4·This paper deduces a model for pricing catastrophe risk bond based on the representative agent in the framework of incomplete market.

本文推导了一个不完全市场框架下的基于代表性代理模型基础上的巨灾风险债券定价模型。

5·The existing catastrophe bond pricing models are all based on the standard finance theory.

现有的巨灾债券定价模型是基于标准金融理论建立的。

浩劫

1·Is restrained ten thousand year exceedingly high monster to point out frankly the incantation to live, a world catastrophe again unavoidable.

受制万年的通天妖道破咒而生，一场天地浩劫再所难免。

2·Or it might be a legend of black art and witnessed a catastrophe of the world?

它又或者是魔法的祷告传说，目睹一个世界的浩劫？

3·Determined to forestall a catastrophe, Malygos decreed that the world's unbridled magic must be reined in by any means necessary.

为了防止更大的浩劫到来，玛里苟斯声称这个世界所有的魔法活动必须无条件立刻停止。

4·But when statutes seek to avoid environmental catastrophe, can preventive, albeit uncertain, decisions legitimately be so labeled?

的翻译是：但是法规什么时候寻求能避免环境浩劫，预防措施，虽然不定，决定很合理地被标记？

5·Doomsday catastrophe, depicts the Earth is represented by the United States within a day sudden cooling, into the ice age of science fiction.

《末日浩劫》描绘的是以美国为代表的地球一天之内突然急剧降温，进入冰期的科幻故事。

灾变

1·No-one can say for sure how this particular arachnid met her end, but she may have succumbed to a natural catastrophe.

没有人能准确地推断，这只特别的蜘蛛是如何死亡的，但它有可能是遭遇了一次自然灾变。

2·Still, the overall results suggest how mixotrophs provide a cushion against catastrophe for certain ecosystems, and may even prevent huge population crashes.

尽管如此，总体的实验结果仍然表明混合营养体是如何为生态系统提供了一个抵抗灾变的屏障，并阻止大规模崩溃的发生。

3·Based on catastrophe forecasting of grey theory to predict the date of equipment failure, the base for overhaul of equipment from planning repairing to status repairing is provided.

根据灰色理论中的灾变预测，对发电厂中设备的故障日期作了预测，从而为实现设备从计划检修向状态检修提供了依据。

4·In IQGA, the strategies of updating quantum gate using the best solution obtained and population catastrophe were adopted.

这种改进的量子遗传算法采用了已搜索到的最佳个体更新量子门和群体灾变策略。

5·The prediction is conducted with the grey catastrophe model through the abrupt date set composed of abnormality times.

根据异常时刻组成的灾变日期集用灰色灾变模型进行预测。

大祸

1·Because of the failure the catastrophe will be coming.

因为失败，大祸就要来临了。

2·Her money is just about gone and a catastrophe is imminent unless Pinkerton returns soon.

她的钱差不多全用完了，要是平克顿不马上回来，大祸就要临头。

灾祸

1·What this potential catastrophe has in destructive power, it lacks in creativity.

这种潜在的灾祸有着破坏力，却缺乏创意。

2·Down through the beautiful catastrophe of wind.

渡过风那美丽的灾祸。

3·Another technological catastrophe is when a hard-disk drive suddenly crashes, or fails, perhaps because it has been bumped inadvertently.

还有一种技术灾祸：硬盘驱动器突然“崩溃”或出故障，原因可能是不小心的碰撞。

4·Such catastrophe was of course likely to embitter the French nation.

这灾祸自然更会加重法国的痛苦。

5·Their other problems paled into insignificance beside this latest catastrophe.

最近发生这一灾祸后，他们其他的问题都显得无关重要了。

惨败

1·They suffered an electoral catastrophe, winning a paltry 3 seats.

他们在选举中惨败，仅获得微不足道的3个席位。

大难

1·If I were God, I will avoid the exhaustion of a few poor human catastrophe!

假如自己是神，自己会用尽穷数防止这场人世大难！

灭顶之灾

1·A very nasty recession is inevitable, but regional catastrophe is not.

严重的衰退不可避免，但还没有酿成本地区的灭顶之灾。

(1)catastrophe theory[数]突变理论

(1)catastrophe model激变模型

(1)catastrophe risk巨灾风险；特殊风险