reason/cause/excuse/ground.导航词义：原因，理由

1. reason:n. 原因，理由.指某事发生的原因或做某事的正当理由，常后接介词 for 及 why 或 that 引导的从句，作“理由”解时还可后接动词不定式。

She gave her reason for being late.

她说出了迟到的原因。

He refused to explain the reasons behind his decision.

他拒绝解释为何作出这个决定。

We don't know the reason why she didn't come home.

我们不知道她为什么没回家。

He has reason to feel happy.

他有理由感到高兴。

2. cause:n. 起因，理由.指导致某事发生的行为、事件等；也指产生某种感情或做出某种举动的正当理由，作此义解时常可与 reason 换用。

Lack of physical exercise is the leading cause of obesity in young students.

缺乏体育锻炼是青少年学生肥胖的主要原因。

What was the fundamental cause of this failure?

这次失败的根本原因是什么？

There is no cause/reason for anxiety.

不必焦虑。

3. excuse:n. 理由，托词.指辩解的理由或推脱的借口，常后接介词 for。

She always has an excuse for being late.

她总是能为自己的迟到找理由。

What is your good excuse for not coming?

你没来有什么正当理由？

4. ground:n. 充分理由 ，根据.指做某事的正当理由，作此义解时通常用复数。

She gave good grounds for divorce.

她给出了充分的离婚理由。

Did the police have reasonable grounds to file a lawsuit against that company?

警方有充分理由起诉那家公司吗？

全部

1·She fell heavily to the ground.

她重重地摔倒在地。《牛津词典》

2·The ground was soft and spongy.

土地松软，像海绵似的。《牛津词典》

3·The house burned to the ground.

房子被大火夷为平地。《牛津词典》

4·The ground was frozen solid.

地面冻得硬邦邦的。《牛津词典》

5·I found her lying on the ground.

我发现她躺在地上。《牛津词典》

6·Madigan's horse pawed the ground.

马迪根的马刨了地。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

7·He flung her to the ground.

他把她推倒在地。《牛津词典》

8·He threw me to the ground.

他把我摔倒在地。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

9·The rain sank into the dry ground.

雨水渗进了干地里。《牛津词典》

10·The sun had baked the ground hard.

太阳把地面晒硬了。《牛津词典》

地面

1·The steep, stony ground is well drained.

多石陡峭的地面很容易排水。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

2·It will be a clear night with some ground frost.

今夜晴，部分地面有霜冻。《牛津词典》

3·The ground beyond the road fell away precipitously.

该路外面的地面陡然下降。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

4·She picked her way delicately over the rough ground.

她小心翼翼地在高低不平的地面上行走。《牛津词典》

5·They walked in a crouch, each bent over close to the ground.

他们蹲伏着行走，一个个弯着腰快要贴着地面了。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

地

1·Madigan's horse pawed the ground.

马迪根的马刨了地。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

2·She fell heavily to the ground.

她重重地摔倒在地。《牛津词典》

3·He flung her to the ground.

他把她推倒在地。《牛津词典》

4·He threw me to the ground.

他把我摔倒在地。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

5·He fell to the ground in a dead faint.

他跌倒在地，昏死过去。《牛津词典》

土地

1·The ground was dry and firm underfoot.

脚下踩的土地又干又硬。《牛津词典》

2·We felt the ground give way under our feet.

我们感觉到脚下的土地下陷了。《牛津词典》

3·They drove across miles of rough, stony ground.

他们驶过数英里崎岖不平、多石的土地。《牛津词典》

4·The ground suddenly sank under his feet.

他脚下的土地突然陷下去了。

5·Because they're literally rooted into the ground, they are unable to leave and go elsewhere.

因为它们已经扎根于土地，所以它们无法离开，也不能去其他地方。

理由

1·As for rewriting nuclear rules, some governments will resist using the NPT conference to strengthen the badly weakened treaty on the ground that the nuclear powers have still not done enough.

至于说到改写核武器规则，一些国家会抵制使用核不扩散条约会议加强作用严重削弱的条约，理由是，一些核大国做的仍然不够。

2·The following day HP launched a lawsuit in California against Mr Hurd, seeking to block his move to Oracle on the ground that he would inevitably disclose HP's trade secrets to his new employer.

第二天惠普在加利福尼亚州向赫德先生提起诉讼，企图阻止他进入甲骨文公司，理由是他不可避免的会向新东家透露惠普的商业机密。

3·Carmakers have challenged the law, in part on the ground that CO2 was not an air pollutant-a notion the Supreme Court has now quashed.

汽车制造商曾挑战这项法律，大部分是以CO2不是空气污染物质为理由，但是现在最高法院现在已经全面否定了这种概念。

4·MAINSTREAM economics has always had its dissidents. But the discipline's failure to predict the financial crisis has made the ground especially fertile for a rethink.

主流经济学向来不缺反对的声音，这次它未能预测到金融危机使得人们更有理由对其进行反思。

5·However, Keidanren, the lobby for big business, opposes deregulation on the ground that TEPCO and its ilk ensure a stable supply of electricity.

然而，大企业游说团体(Keidanren)却反对放宽管制，他们的理由是东电及其同行能够确保供电稳定。

大地

1·Snow covered the ground.

大雪覆盖了大地。《牛津词典》

2·Overnight, an early winter storm blanketed the ground with snow, blocking the mountain pass and trapping the Donner Party.

夜里，一场早冬暴风雪覆盖了整个大地，阻断了通往山里的路。 唐纳组织被困住了。

3·And his Soul besought him piteously, but he heeded it not, but leapt from crag to crag, being sure-footed as a wild goat, and at last he reached the level ground and the yellow shore of the sea.

他的灵魂苦苦哀求，他却毫不在意，只在岩间辗转腾挪，如一头野山羊般步履稳健如飞，终于来到了这片平坦的大地，一片黄色的海岸边。

4·When spring comes, the wind blows warm and the silent ground wakes from cold winter, everything is at its best.

春天来了，风变暖了，沉寂大地从隆冬中苏醒，万物欣欣向荣。

5·In winter, the weather gets colder. There is snow on the ground.

冬天，天气转冷，雪覆盖了大地。

研磨

1·The beans are then ground and packaged for sale as ground coffee.

咖啡豆接着被磨碎、包装，以研磨咖啡销售。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

2·They recommend blending a few teaspoons of finely ground almonds with a cup of orange juice and sipping it for relief.

他们建议将几茶匙细细研磨的杏仁混合进一杯橙汁，啜饮来减轻症状。

3·After all that, it had to be ground into a paste and then made into an unleavened dough.

接着，它还要被研磨成糊状，然后再做成一种不发酵的面团。

4·Why would you choose to grow food that you can eat only once it's been soaked or boiled or ground to make it edible at all?

为何人类会选择种植这种得经过像浸泡、煮沸或研磨后才可以食用的食物呢？

5·Once the three POTS began to boil, he placed potatoes in one pot, eggs in the second pot, and ground coffee beans in the third pot.

当三口锅里的水沸腾的时分，他把土豆放到一口锅里，把鸡蛋放到第二口锅里，最后把研磨过的咖啡豆放到第三口锅里。

磨碎

1·Most tortillas are made from ground corn, but sometimes wheat is used.

大多数墨西哥玉米粉圆饼是由磨碎的玉米制成的，但有时也用小麦。

2·Coffee beans are roasted before they are ground.

咖啡豆先炒一下，然后再磨碎。

3·So she took the wheat to the mill to have it ground, and came back with flour for making bread.

因而它把小麦拿到磨坊把它磨碎，然后带着面粉回来做面包。

4·This is made with ground fresh shrimps mixed with... and steamed.

这是用磨碎的鲜虾拌上……蒸成的。

5·Now, who will take the wheat to the mill to have it ground? asked the little red hen.

现在，谁愿意把小麦拿到磨坊，把它磨碎？

着陆

1·But when I found myself on the ground, I speedily untied the knot, and had scarcely done so, when the roc, having taken up a serpent of a monstrous length in her bill, flew away.

但是当我发现我自己已经着陆了，我飞速的解开绑着我的绳结，几乎没来得及，那时这个若克鸟用嘴捉起一条巨长的蟒蛇，飞走了。

2·Once the plane was on the ground soft music began to flow from the ceiling speakers: a sweet orchestral cover version of the Beatles' Norwegian Wood.

飞机刚一着陆，天花板扩音器中低声传出轻柔的背景音乐，那是一个管弦乐队演奏的甲壳虫乐队的《挪威的森林》。

3·But I am less happy once we are on the ground in Kabul and we travel in the general 's security bubble.

但是当我们在喀布尔着陆，在将军安全室里旅行的时候，我有些不高兴了。

4·I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground.

飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下。

5·A Beijing-bound United Airlines 747 is safely on the ground after an apparent engine problem prompted the crew to return to Dulles.

一架开往北京的联合航空波音747飞机由于引擎问题被迫返航，日前已安全着陆。

搁浅

1·Free at last, free to lie powerless in the dirt, to be blown helplessly along the ground, and to lodge lifeless against the first obstruction.

“终于自由了”——自由到无力地躺在泥土中，自由到无助地任由风吹得满世界跑，自由到撞到第一个障碍物就搁浅，毫无生气可言。

(1)on the ground在地上；当场；在决斗

(1)to the ground彻底地

(1)ground someone in something给某人在某方面打下良好基础

(1)common ground（争论双方的）共同基础；一致之处

(1)ground water地下水

(1)down to the ground彻底地，完全；在一切方面